2015年7月5日 星期日

Container City 倫敦 貨櫃箱城

一般貨櫃讓人聯想到的總是悶熱狹窄、生鏽粗糙的工業品,實在很難將其與舒適涼爽的時尚居所劃上等號。但貨櫃箱城為老舊廢棄的貨櫃注入新色彩,讓它們擁有嶄新的生命,顛覆人們對貨櫃的固有印象。

率性風格所在地——Trinity Buoy Wharf」(三一漂浮碼頭)
從鄰近地鐵站「East India」前往「Container City」的途中,指示牌以許多不同樣貌形式現身,深怕旅客會錯過處於邊陲地帶的景點。大彩色錨球、黑白船錨的空間裝置已經成為其入口意象,以這種醒目的「迎賓禮」告訴著大家,貨櫃箱城已經到達了。 會以不斷提醒的標的方式,是因為地點處於景致荒涼、人煙稀少的船塢區。 

三一漂浮碼頭(圖片來源:http://www.trinitybuoywharf.com/)

貨櫃箱城概述
貨櫃箱城的原料取自貨船的廢棄貨櫃作為房屋組件,2001年進行了5個月的工程規劃及貨櫃箱改造, 一座用20個貨櫃堆疊出來三層樓高、12間工作室的新「城」便誕生了。隨後還因為需求增加,加蓋第四層,工作室數量增加至15間。據上述興建歷史來看,貨櫃堆疊出空間的效率與活用性,已被充分凸顯。
Container City I,只用暗紅色系鋪陳,空間感方正(圖片來源:http://www.containercity.com/)
2002年,空間需求增加,因此「Container City II」緊鄰而立,規模增至5層樓,用30貨櫃創造出22間工作室。比起Container City I 只用暗紅色系鋪陳,第二代多了許多搶眼的色彩。還增設廊道彼此連結;細長的鮮黃色鋼鐵廊柱撐起二、三樓,形成貨櫃屋凌空而立的有趣景象。
Container City II,屋櫃凌空、廊道鏈結、色彩繽紛(圖片來源:http://www.urban75.org/london/trinity-buoy-wharf-container-city-2.html)

除此之外,為了不浪費港口的遼闊風光、並遠眺對岸著名新興商業區Canary Wharf現代感十足的天際線,每個獨立空間都設有露台與窗戶,構築出一室一景的奢侈享受。
貨櫃箱城「一室一景」的奢侈享受,此為從貨櫃屋內眺望出去的景色(圖片來源:http://www.urban75.org/london/trinity-buoy-wharf-container-city-2.html)
貨櫃箱城整體建造成本低,租金也就相對低廉,因此吸引一群藝術家、設計師進駐,型塑成一座有個性的文化創意園地。這樣光鮮亮麗的外觀,讓原本蕭條沒落的船塢「Trinity Buoy Wharf」重現生機。
貨櫃彼此堆疊, 那些由水平、垂直線條交錯的輪廓看似一體,卻又因為被刻意凹凸擺放,產生視覺繚亂的空間層次,營造出彷彿貨櫃能自由伸縮一般。舊元素再生的新建築,除了經濟環保,似乎更容易刺激空間使用者或觀看者進入創意揮灑的想像世界。(鄭育欣,2011)

貨櫃箱城核心概念
貨櫃箱城是個快速、創新與高功能系統的模組式建築,提供了時尚與價格實惠的空間給各種用途使用。
貨櫃箱城為城市空間管理有限公司(Urban Space Management Ltd)設計的,貨櫃箱城系統重複利用輪船貨艙,將其彼此連接以達到高強度的結構性,預製的鋼鐵模塊可以組合創造出各式各樣的建築外觀,也能藉由模組組合的方式調整成符合大部份計劃或最終客戶的需求的樣貌。
這項模組化的技術節省了許多建築建構的時間,相對傳統建築的搭建技術,減少將近一半的搭建時間。模組化的搭建技術,帶給現場最小的破壞程度,讓環境生態在搭建建築時同時也能維持,達到環境友善的概念。
至今,城市空間管理有限公司(Urban Space Management Ltd)已經成功地將貨櫃箱城的空間打造成教室、辦公空間、運動長廊、托兒所、社區中心、藝術空間、零售空間、生活/居家空間、錄音室與社區醫療中心。除了成本低廉,原料來自於回收工業廢棄品的設計概念,以環境友善為出發,因此,此建築作法備受公家機關與私營企業推崇。 
高強度結構性、搭建效率高、成本低、模組化、環境友善是貨櫃箱城的核心概念與其優勢所在
(圖片來源:http://www.urban75.org/london/trinity-buoy-wharf-container-city-2.html)
可持續性是每個貨櫃箱城的工程計劃的核心價值
※施工階段,論證了:
  • 工程結構中,100%使用回收材料。因此獲得了最大量的內含耗能(可稱為虛擬能源,是指產品加工、製造、運輸等全過程所消耗的總能源,是生產鏈中直接與間接消耗的總能源)與現有材料。 
  • 對場地的干擾、製造的廢棄物、噪音污染,因為預製好的單位模塊運送快速而減至最低。
  • 建築系統輕便以及本質上已具有剛性,以混凝土作為基底的需求即便減少。


※貨櫃系統保證低碳使用
  • 貨櫃系統有好的氣密性與高熱效率
  • 光與熱系統被細心地設計以減低能源消耗量
  • 再生能源被妥善地使用(例如,太陽能於家務熱水用途)
  • 採用合適的風力發電機
  • 納入雨水採集與綠化屋頂
綠化屋頂(圖片來源:http://www.containercity.com/about/timeline)
雨水採集(圖片來源:http://www.containercity.com/about/timeline)
風力發電機(圖片來源:http://www.containercity.com/about/timeline) 
※系統固有的柔韌性確保長期的可持續發展性
  • 貨櫃系統由模組化建構,因此在使用過程中可以增加或是重組。
  • 貨櫃箱城使用的地點應該被用於其他用途,結構上可以拔去螺栓拆除並再使用於其他地點。

發展時間軸 
2000s 
  • Container City I  - Live/work and Studio space in Docklands 
2001s 
  • Container Learn - Classrooms for Tower Hamlets College
  • Trinity Buoy Wharf Jubilee Pier - Classrooms and office space on the river Thames.
  • Cove Park - Stage1 completed in 2001. Stage 2 in 2006. Live/work units for Arts Centre in Scotland.
2002s 
  • Container City II  - Workspace for the creative industries
2003s 
  • Mile End Youth Centre  -  Youth centre in Mile End Park
2004s 
  • Fawood Children's centre  -  Nursery, adult education centre and offices.
2005s  
  • The Riverside Building  -  Office space overlooking the river Thames in Docklands
  • Meath Gardens Youth centre - Small youth centre in an East London Park
2006s 
  • Chelsea Farmers Market - New retail units added to existing Chelsea Farmers Market complex in Chelsea, London.
  • Millwall Albion Clubhouse - Clubhouse for Millwall Albion FC.
  • Martineau Estate Youth Centre - Youth Centre in London
  • Music Box - A series of individual sound recording studios in Docklands.
2007s 
  • Yacht Heaven Feasibility Study - A waterside building with offices, bar and changing facilities.
  • Pinchin Street - Group Practice, offices and a roof garden in the City of London.
  • Mansell Street community Centre - Community Centre in the middle of the City of London
  • Morpeth School - Classrooms within the existing school grounds
  • Barking Business Centre Feasibility Study - Devised a range of options for a workspace development in Essex.
  • Movieplex - Small touring Cinema
  • MEPC Marketing Suite - Marketing suite and offices in Leeds.
  • Mile End Extreme Sports Centre - Extreme sports centre in Mile End Park, London.
2008s 
  • Barking Riverside - Highly sustainable Marketing Suite and Offices in Barking, Essex.
  • Cuffley School - Classrooms and Music Studio within existing school grounds.
  • Shooters Hill Campus - Workshops and classrooms within a higher education campus.
  • Cyril Jackson School - Timber clad classrooms within the existing school playground
  • Greenfields School - Classrooms within the school grounds.
  • Driftwood Cafe - Cafe for East London Arts Centre
  • Stroke Newington School - Classrooms for the North London School.
  • London International Festival of Theatre - Head office space in East London.
2009s 
  • Dunraven School - Sports hall, viewing gallery and offices created for Dunraven School as part of the Building Schools for the Future scheme.
  • View Tube - Cafe, education centre, exhibition space and viewing platform overlooking Stratford Olympic Park.
  • Faraday Rooftop Playground - Playground created on the roof of the new school in East London.
  • UEL IPAD - Dance Studios, offices and lecture rooms created within the body of a historical building for University of East London’s Dance Centre.
  • Horniman School - Small classroom for South East School.
2010s 
  • The Electric Hotel - 5 Story theatre space that toured all over the UK.
  • Birkbeck Mews Feasibility Study - Devised a range of options for studio and office accommodation in a fashionable area of East London.
  • 3rd Ring Out - Touring public Multi Media Installation.
  • Shooters Hill Campus - More classrooms for this higher education facility in South East London.
2011s 
  • The Cloud Studio - Small workspace for Arts Centre in East London.
  • Islington Boxing Club Feasibility Study - Provided design options to replace the existing building with a modular scheme that included boxing and gym facilities as well as an outdoor five-a-side football pitch.
  • The Memory Palace - A series of touring arts spaces showcased at Glastonbury Festival.
2012s 
  • Portishead - Restaurant and hotel. We created external structure.
  • BBC - Broadcasting studios and offices within the Stratford Olympic Park. External structure.
  • OBS Tower - Broadcasting studios and offices within the Stratford Olympic Park.
  • THE COLDEST JOURNEY - ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION - Donated 3 40ft shipping containers to be used as a Cabous on Sir Ranaulph Fiennes 2013 WINTER CROSSING OF ANTARCTICA – The Last Great Polar Challenge.
  • 2012 Studios - The 2012 studios provide 3 stand alone studio spaces. 
(資料來源:http://www.containercity.com/about/timeline) 

參考資料 
Container City - http://www.containercity.com/ 
Trinity Bouy Wharf - http://www.trinitybuoywharf.com/ 
London  - http://www.urban75.org/london/trinity-buoy-wharf-container-city-2.html 
鄭育欣,2011,《設計英國》,城邦文化

撰寫人:林忠衡,M10232013,視傳碩二 / 林慧秋,M10132012,視傳碩三

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